Negotiate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Negotiate - Assignment Example The negotiation processes would be discussed, compared and contrasted in the light of the applicability to one’s work setting. A car dealer in Denver, Colorado pegs the price of a second hand vehicle at a certain amount or level. Buyers, usually opt to negotiate purchasing that commodity at a lower price. For example, I was looking for a second-hand van to purchase. The car dealer offers the van for sale at $5000. I try to negotiate to purchase the van at a lower price, say $4000. The negotiation style most appropriately applied is the compromising style. Compromising usually requires that both people give up something in order to reach an agreement. It seems fair because both sides win and lose. This style of conflict resolution is common. Unfortunately, neither person usually gets exactly what one wants. This can sometimes lead to angry feelings later. Since I wanted a lower price for the van, say $4000, then, this would immediately be relayed and the seller would immediately respond by their agreeing or disagreeing on the suggested buying price. The end result of a compromise agreement is a solution that is acceptable to both sides. We eventually ended up on agreeing at a price of $4500 for the van – which is a midpoint of the pegged prices. By utilizing the compromising approach, face-to-face negotiations are applied. This would directly pinpoint the source of the problem by identifying the situation and the options. Meeting halfway is the most effective solution to this negotiation approach. Although both parties did not get their original intended prices for the van, we were able to work out an agreeable price which is amenable to

Overview of the Current Preschool Mathematics Teaching Dissertation

Overview of the Current Preschool Mathematics Teaching - Dissertation Example One is parental attitudes that influence how they regard Math. Another is also the way teachers of early childhood education do not prioritize Math as much as literacy learning. Children who are exposed to negative views of Math at such an early age, are most likely to develop the same negative attitudes towards a subject area that will prove to be very significant in their lives. It is believed that whatever perceptions of what Math is at this early stage will impact their views, attitudes and even performance when they grow older. Hence it is crucial that provision of high quality early childhood Math programs in the foundation stage be ensured (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000).It is equally important to know how teachers of Math perceive how their young students learn the subject and what particular concepts and skills to teach at that sensitive stage of development. It is a common experience of most people to dread Math and this does not exclude Math teachers wh o may still nurture some negative emotions for the subject. Good teachers are central to the development of positive attitudes towards a potentially gruelling subject that most people find difficulty in. Enhancing their confidence and competence in their teaching skills goes a long way in implementing an efficient Math program. Schools should be able to provide quality training for teachers that focus both on the relevant content and the development of a positive disposition towards the subject (Tsamir & Tirosh, 2009). This is echoed by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) which calls for the education, experience and expertise of teachers when decisions regarding children’s programs are made (Decker et al, 2009). Platas (2008) came up with the instruments, Knowledge of Mathematical Development (KMD) Survey and the Beliefs Survey that measure the knowledge of early mathematical development and beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning in the preschool classroom of preschool teachers. She found in her study that there was a significant variation in the knowledge and beliefs of early childhood teachers on age-appropriateness of math instruction, classroom locus of generation of mathematical knowledge, math versus socio-emotional development and the comfort level in providing the instruction. Standardizing such knowledge will greatly aid new teachers and old teachers alike in knowing what to teach. Platas’ instrument is very helpful in preparing future Math teachers. Platas’ work has raised many issues and beliefs regarding the developmental knowledge of preschoolers. Such issues include age-appropriateness of mathematical instruction used by teachers in preschools, the extent of learning of such mathematical concepts taught, the purpose of teaching math concepts in preschool and the comfort level of teachers when they introduce such math concepts to preschool children (Clement & Sarama, 2007; Ginsburg & Golbeck, 2004; Platas, 2008). 2. Preschool Teachers' Knowledge of Mathematical Development Platas (2008) defines early mathematical development as â€Å"the increasingly complex mathematical constructions and goals that young children develop and pursue in their activities (p.3). It follows the teacher’s knowledge of mathematical development refers to their adeptness in understanding this definition and knowing how to implement developmentally-appropriate programs to help their students achieve these goals. Standardized goals for mathematical development have been developed by several national and state organizations. Forty-six states have

The Simplex Solution Method Essay Example for Free

The Simplex Solution Method Essay The simplex method is a general mathematical solution technique for solving linear programming problems. In the simplex method, the model is put into the form of a table, and then a number of mathematical steps are performed on the table. These mathematical steps in effect replicate the process in graphical analysis of moving from one extreme point on the solution boundary to another. However, unlike the graphical method, in which we could simply search through all the solution points to find the best one, the simplex method moves from one better solution to another until the best one is found, and then it stops. The manual solution of a linear programming model using the simplex method can be a lengthy and tedious process.Years ago, manual application of the simplex method was the only means for solving a linear programming problem. Now computer solution is certainly preferred. However, knowledge of the simplex method can greatly enhance one’s understanding of linear programming. Computer software programs like QM for Windows or Excel spreadsheets provide solutions to linear programming problems, but they do not convey an in-depth understanding of how those solutions are derived. To a certain extent, graphical analysis provides an understanding of the solution process, and knowledge of the simplex method further expands on that understanding. In fact, computer solutions are usually derived using the simplex method. As a result, much of the terminology and notation used in computer software comes from the simplex method. Thus, for those students of management science who desire a more in-depth knowledge of linear programming, it is beneficial to study the simplex solution method as provided here.

The Renaissance Period Of English Literature

The Renaissance Period Of English Literature The Renaissance Period injected English literature with a new and innovative life; it was a time for rediscovering classical texts, coining new words, and both translating and imitating classical forms. This inspiration arose from Ancient Greek, Roman and Italian writers, such as Homer, Virgil and Petrarch. These writers inspired new poets of 17th century England to look towards old literature, with the intention to improve new literature; the Renaissance Period was thus a time for rebirth. Thomas Wyatt was greatly influenced by the Italian poet, Petrarch, and consequently, he derived the sonnet from him, introducing it into English poetry. He was thus inspired by Petrarch, and translated many of his sonnets into English, yet adapted them to create some originality and also to reflect his own personal experiences. Wyatts poetry was chiefly designed to entertain, for example, Whoso List to Hunt? I know where is an hind is a courtly poem, written for a distinct audience and predominantly intended to entertain the court. However, whilst King Henry VIII ruled the throne, many writers found it difficult to talk about courtly matters through their poetry, since they could easily be imprisoned for offending the King. Sir Thomas More comments on this dilemma, stating that, By the indirect approach you must seek and strive to the best of your power to handle matters tactfully (710). His use of the word tactfully is intended to mean that writers had to be subtle yet skilful if they were to convey their intended message without becoming imprisoned. This was often achieved through the power of translation. Wyatts Whoso List to Hunt is a reinterpretation of Petrarchs Rime 190 and thus not a direct translation, since the poem is thought to indirectly refer to Wyatts love for Anne Boleyn, with Caesar representing King Henry VIII. The narrator in the poem is contending with his king for the doe, ensuing in a more direct and potentially precarious series of consequences for the narrator. The 1534 Treason Act, stated that anybody could be executed for what they said or wrote, yet Wyatt avoided being accountable for his words through the beauty of translation, proverbs, and ambiguity. For example, in 1541, one of the chief accusations against Wyatt was that he said in conversation with his friends in Spain that he feryd that the king shulde be caste owte of a Cartes arse (life and letters p189), which was a way of hanging common criminals. Susan Bridgen states, that Wyatt was judged at last upon the fine distinction between whether he had said whether the king would be cast out of a carts arse, like a thief as he was hanged, or simply left out, his interests ignored. His fate hung upon judgements between tenses and syllables. (p29 of article) Although he was put in prison for this, he defended and ultimately saved himself by claiming that the carts arse was proverbial, and thus not literal. This is a further reason why Wyatt uses ambiguity in the majority of his poetry ; he cannot be punished if there is no set meaning behind his poems. states that in order to express at the same time the code of courtly love and his own problems, he had to eliminate from his poetry everything which was too narrow and specific in one way or the other. Translation and imitation thus shaped the poetry of the Renaissance, since both these forms acted as a mask to hide the poet conveying the instability of both courtly life, and courtly love, whilst at the same time improving the quality of English Literature during this period. Through Wyatts translated version of Whoso List to Hunt, it is apparent that he has used his own opinions and emotions to transform the interpretation, yet his reinterpretation of Petrarchs original is still referred to as a translation. Despite Wyatt having to write discreetly, writes that probably the necessity of discipline to use a technique of camouflage imposed a useful artistic discipline on him. Wyatt carefully adapts Petrarchs form and manipulates the original content to cunningly convey his message. The reader can then interpret the poem as they wish; Wyatt thus aims to entertain, teach, and convey a sense of morality. When considering Harold Blooms statement in this essay question, he argues that influenced poets are Original, though not therefore necessarily better. I would disagree with this statement simply because although Wyatt uses Petrarchs idea of the doe as an allegory, he was the first poet to adopt the notion to introduce the sonnet into English Literature. Moreover, in order to convey his message in the correct manner for his time, he had no choice but to translate Petrarchs poem, because he would have been hanged otherwise for his offensive message to the King. Thus, perhaps Wyatts version is superior, because of his cunning and initiative to make his intended statement about his feelings and court-life in such a discreet manner. Moreover, the translation of any classical literature into English in the Renaissance period was highly respected. Thus, unlike a contemporary poet of today, Wyatt did not need to distinguish himself as an original poet. Daalder (Joost Daalder (Sir Thomas Wya tt: Collected Poems, edited by Joost Daalder (1975)) correctly states that we should not admire something because it is new or old, but because it is intrinsically important and appealing and Wyatt certainly makes his poem engaging, since it was so controversial for its time. Wyatts sonnet is composed of an octave stating an idea or dilemma, followed by a sestet, suggesting a resolution to this problem. The octave in Wyatts translation of Whoso List to Hunt, depicts the unsuccessful pursuit of the hind, whereas the sestet clarifies that the reason the hunter is unable to catch his prey is because she is promised to somebody else; capturing her would jeopardise both the hind and the hunter. Whilst Wyatt uses the same rhyme scheme as Petrarch for the octave in his sonnets, abbaabba, he adapts Petrarchs sestet so it consists of a quatrain and a couplet, which infuses his sonnet with originality. However, by changing Petrarchs structure, some of the rhymes become irregular, particularly because in the Renaissance period, specific words would have been pronounced differently. In Wyatts sonnet, wind (signifying windy), with a short i sound, is designed to rhyme with the long drawn-out assonance of the i in the words hind, behind, and mind. Similarly, in the fin al couplet of the sonnet, the extended sounding of the letter a of tame is expected to rhyme with the a in the word am which is a much more abrupt sound. Thus, if we read this couplet aloud, in order to generate a rhyme, we have to alter how we would usually pronounce the word, which potentially causes a problem for a modern reader of this Renaissance poem. Petrarchs Rime 190 represents an unattainable mistress through the image of a pure-white doe (1), whilst Wyatts hind (1) represents his own love; thus both women referred to are unapproachable objects of desire. Petrarchs use of the word white to describe the deer literally translates to candida in Italian, a word which has strong connotations with purity and innocence. Thus, the depiction of both the courtly hunt and of courtly love clearly represents the dangers involved. Wyatt also modifies the honest and innocent deer in Petrarchs version into a more morally ambiguous animal. By using the original content of the sonnet to his advantage, Wyatt cunningly ensures that his poem operates on the surface as a translation whilst still expressing his own message. Wyatt invests his translation with multiple layers of meaning through the description of the words of Caesar, written about the deers neck, which is graven with diamonds in letters plain. The sign thus suggests eternal beauty, but also loyalty because she is promised to Caesar. The diamond conveys a sense of coldness too, highlighting a lack of virtue, which increases the tension between the speaker and the object of desire, because Caesar is controlling her. In both Petrarchs original sonnet and Wyatts translation, the domination of ownership has protected the deer from being captured, and this image works to Wyatts advantage; he is acknowledging that Anne Boleyn is betrothed to Henry V111. Wyatt thus uses the line Noli me tangere, for Caesars I am (13) to signify that the deer belongs to somebody who is greater and more controlling than the narrator. Again, Wyatt has used the original content of Petrarchs sonnet and adapts the symbolism to his personal situation, conveying his feel ings subtly and indirectly. Furthermore, Wyatts oblique translation imparts a different tone than Petrarchs original. For example, through his language, the attitude of the hunter conveys a sense of lethargy and futility to the reader, Yet I may by no means my wearied mind/Draw from the deer, but as she fleeth afore/Fainting I follow (5-7). A further poignant image which depicts the speaker as completely helpless and unable to catch the object of his desire is conveyed just before the sestet, Sithens in a net I seek to hold the wind (8). He attempts to catch her, but the words, I seek suggest a continued effort of vain pursuit; the speaker is persistently chasing only the wind, because experience has taught him that both wind and deer are equally impossible to catch. This response, however, is not apparent in Petrarchs original, I left work to follow her at leisure (6) and written with topaz (10) which represents chastity. These phrases convey a tone of satisfaction and pleasure, since the words leisure and topaz bear more positive connotations than wearied and fainting. Despite Wyatts speaker conveying complete exhaustion, he is unable to forget the deer, whereas at the end of Petrarchs sonnet, his speaker fell in the stream and she was gone, indicating a sense of closure. Through the imagery of hunting this deer, Wyatt is perhaps signifying the fact that because he is part of the court and under the charge of Henry V111, he is unable to leave the court. Thus, his persistent pursuit of the deer reflects the fact that he cannot leave the court; he is forced to persevere with court-life, which he is now starting to see as both meaningless and unsatisfying, but also dangerous. This could be an indirect criticism of the court, serving as a message of council to his fellow courtiers. Moreover, he is stating that although he is unable to escape from this treacherous environment, through his poetry, he can counsel and advise others against it, whilst subtly expressing the threats he perceives in court-life. By imitating Petrarchs Rime 190, he is able to convey this message ambiguously, and if accused, he can state that his poem has been misinterpreted. The tone of Wyatts version of the poem is also depicted through the manipulation of the sounding of words. Wyatt deliberately emphasises the sound of the repetitive letter h on the words hunt and hind in order to draw attention to these words, whilst creating a harsh tone to signify the narrators frustration at being unable to catch the deer. Moreover, Wyatt chooses to use words with open vowel sounds also in his poem, for example, where, as, and alas. These words, when the poem is read out loud, cause the reader make a sighing noise, which conveys the poems tone of submission and despair. These sighing noises, and the sibilance on the letter s create a despondent mood, and portrays Wyatts feelings of apathy and dejection to the reader, whilst still remaining inside the precincts of a translation. Moreover, Wyatt uses enjambment, leading the reader to be almost out of breath if reading the poem out loud, Yet may I by no means my wearied mind/Draw from the deer, but as she fleeth afore/Fainting I follow (5-7), which mimics the speaker fainting. Petrarch used enjambment in his version too, Like the miser who looking for his treasure/Sweetens with that delight his bitterness. The juxtaposition between bitter and sweet also highlights the speakers dilemma. The enjambment in Wyatts poem could purely be taken from Petrarchs translation, but it figures as highly appropriate in Wyatts version, because it reflects his own fatigued and drained outlook on his hopeless situation. The enjambment mimics Wyatts pursuit of his desire, whilst revealing his own sentiments in his poem. Through imitating Petrarchs poem, Wyatt successfully creates ambiguity within his poem, in which it is possible to read a more personal meaning without making any sort of direct statement that would implicate the poet. Wyatt uses words that can be interpreted in many ways; each word, sound, and image functions on both the literal sense of its translation, yet also on a symbolic level to depict Wyatts personal sorrow.

Voyage and Psychological Development in Homers Odyssey Essay example -

The Voyage and Psychological Development in Homer's Odyssey      Ã‚  Ã‚   Homer's Odyssey arguably stands out head and shoulders above any other piece of epic literature produced by Western civilization for nearly three millennia. Most remarkable is the extent to which the Western hero archetype is to this day still a result of the molding that occurred upon the character of Odysseus so long ago. In imagining a police lineup of the most profoundly influencing protagonists of Western epic poetry, surely Odysseus would impress in stature and roguish airs far beyond the others for is not the gray-eyed Athena, daughter of rain-bringing Zeus himself, bound in devotion to this mortal hero? It is she who repeatedly enhances Odysseus' appearance so as to impress upon others his god-like qualities: And Athene, she who was born from Zeus, made him Bigger to look at and stouter, and on his head Made his hair flow in curls, like the hyacinth flower . . . So she poured grace upon his head and shoulders. (6.229-35) In anointing Odysseus in similar fashion throughout the tale of his arduous journey homeward, the ancient as well as modern reader cannot help but look to Odysseus as a role model. Implicit in this behavioral model is one of Homer's many subtexts, namely that having one or more of the gods on one's side is not enough to guarantee even a partial success in one's endeavors. The god Poseidon stands in direct opposition to Odysseus' goal of reaching Ithaca, yet his attacks upon the hero always fall just short of actually killing him. Instead, with each calamity that befalls Odysseus at Poseidon's hand, the hero is faced with a parallel inward struggle. Surviving the physical realm at first seems to be the test when actually it ... ...side of the woman (the animus) and the passive, feminine side of the man (the anima). Although the two figures are always tempting the ego to identify itself with them, a real understanding even on the personal level is possible only if the identification is refused. (Jung 16: 469) Perhaps The Odyssey, when seen from the perspective of Jungian and post-Jungian psychology, offers the reader a rich model for their own psychological development and an opportunity to re-examine the hero archetype in Western civilization. Works Cited Cirlot, J.E., A Dictionary of Symbols. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1971. Hillman, James. Anima: An Anatomy of a Personified Notion. Dallas: Spring Publications, 1985. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans., Ed. Albert Cook. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. Jung, C.G. Collected Works. 20 vols. Trans. R.F.C. Hull. Princeton: Princeton U P, 1954.    Voyage and Psychological Development in Homer's Odyssey Essay example - The Voyage and Psychological Development in Homer's Odyssey      Ã‚  Ã‚   Homer's Odyssey arguably stands out head and shoulders above any other piece of epic literature produced by Western civilization for nearly three millennia. Most remarkable is the extent to which the Western hero archetype is to this day still a result of the molding that occurred upon the character of Odysseus so long ago. In imagining a police lineup of the most profoundly influencing protagonists of Western epic poetry, surely Odysseus would impress in stature and roguish airs far beyond the others for is not the gray-eyed Athena, daughter of rain-bringing Zeus himself, bound in devotion to this mortal hero? It is she who repeatedly enhances Odysseus' appearance so as to impress upon others his god-like qualities: And Athene, she who was born from Zeus, made him Bigger to look at and stouter, and on his head Made his hair flow in curls, like the hyacinth flower . . . So she poured grace upon his head and shoulders. (6.229-35) In anointing Odysseus in similar fashion throughout the tale of his arduous journey homeward, the ancient as well as modern reader cannot help but look to Odysseus as a role model. Implicit in this behavioral model is one of Homer's many subtexts, namely that having one or more of the gods on one's side is not enough to guarantee even a partial success in one's endeavors. The god Poseidon stands in direct opposition to Odysseus' goal of reaching Ithaca, yet his attacks upon the hero always fall just short of actually killing him. Instead, with each calamity that befalls Odysseus at Poseidon's hand, the hero is faced with a parallel inward struggle. Surviving the physical realm at first seems to be the test when actually it ... ...side of the woman (the animus) and the passive, feminine side of the man (the anima). Although the two figures are always tempting the ego to identify itself with them, a real understanding even on the personal level is possible only if the identification is refused. (Jung 16: 469) Perhaps The Odyssey, when seen from the perspective of Jungian and post-Jungian psychology, offers the reader a rich model for their own psychological development and an opportunity to re-examine the hero archetype in Western civilization. Works Cited Cirlot, J.E., A Dictionary of Symbols. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1971. Hillman, James. Anima: An Anatomy of a Personified Notion. Dallas: Spring Publications, 1985. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans., Ed. Albert Cook. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. Jung, C.G. Collected Works. 20 vols. Trans. R.F.C. Hull. Princeton: Princeton U P, 1954.   

Analysis of History :: American America History

Analysis of History "History is the memory of things said and done. Every man is a historian." I agree that history includes everything said and done, to a certain extent. There are levels of history. The relevance to each individual's life determines the significance and importance of the certain event. Also, it should only be studied, perhaps, if the event has a certain impact on the person who is studying it. If an action proved to be important to an individual in the present or the future, that incident would be a sort of personal history. If it were meaningful to a large group of people, it would be a less individual kind of history. The type of history that is commonly taught is the less personal kind. History teachers think that this kind of national history has more relevance to each person's life than the more individual events. However, sometimes the personal events are more important and leave a bigger impact on an individual than the national history. In one dictionary, history is defined as "a written account of events, particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science, or art..." I think that this definition of History completely counteracts the original quote. In my opinion, if one were to do something that only effected himself, it would still be history. It would not have that big of an impact on the world, but to that person, it could have been very influential. Another definition of history says that it " is a methodical record of important events which concern a community of men." Once again, in my opinion history does not have to effect a community of men in order for it to be important or significant. Also, history does not have to be written in order for it to be relevant or to have an impact. Even a simple story passed from generation to generation with clues from the past is a form of history. If one were to write that cavemen had three legs, it would not make it history. Whether it is written or not does not affect the truth and facts of the situation. I agree that history is simply just the memory of past events. The remembrance of an occurrence shows that it is relevant enough to be remembered. It is important that a historical event is remembered the same by all.

Case 5 consumer trends

In today’s world of rapidly changing consumer trends, it is only wise that companies try to keep up with these changes so as to remain in business. This is largely because the consumer is becoming more concerned with the products they consume e. g. effects of high calories. The analysis of the following case study affirms this change in consumer trends. 1. Consumer trends The changing consumer tastes is one of the driving forces behind product innovation. This is epitomized by the recent consumer trends like low ‘carb’ and going ‘green’.Trends like these have forced companies to come up with products/processes that meet consumer demands. Like the dot com craze of late 1990s, the low carb and environment awareness are largely fuelled by customer awareness. These trends are usually force companies to align their products with the changing preferences. And is rightly so because companies that defy these trends may suffer drop in revenues. An example is t he American carmakers that belatedly adopted hybrid technology when their Japanese counterparts were already benefiting from the technology.Such trends lead to the market flooding with similar companies has witnessed with the dot com bubble although the low carb and environmental preservation trends may persist because of the awareness of effects of high carbohydrates and environmental pollution. Most of the internet companies collapsed (Cable World 2001). 2. Threat to entrepreneurs The entry of industry giants like Dell and Gateway companies into the computer recycling business with present problems to Stampp Corbin in the sense that he might lack used computers to resale. Legislations may also be passed that does not allow the resale and disposal of used computers.Such laws may require that computers of a certain age cannot be resold. Laws governing electronic waste from computers can substantially affect the business. The recycling of the computers by manufacturers can lead to ch eaper production of new computers such that entrepreneurs like Stampp Corbin may lack the market for the used computers. The sensitive information in the used computers may also pose a serious threat of lawsuits if it accidentally falls in the wrong hands. The software used to delete this information may not be effective in the long run with the development of new technologies that could hold data permanently.All the above factors can affect Corbin’s business severely. 3. Competitive advantage Retro Box Company is one of the pioneers of the electronic recycling business and therefore the existence in the market for a long time leads to the company developing good business relations with the suppliers and customers also thus ensuring constant supply and availability of the market. Another advantage is the ability of Retro Box to safeguard itself from lawsuits that may result from leaked information. The company has done this by developing tailor made software that can erase su ch data completely.4. Protection from changing consumer preferences and laws One of the important factors that companies can do to avoid loss of business due to changing consumer preference is through innovation and anticipating future needs of consumers. Thereby the new product development will be guided by future consumer needs and expectations (PRNewswire 2008). The company also need to be aware of the effects that their products have on the environment and hence come up with innovative ways of dealing with there effects thus avoiding the need of regulations through laws which can be costly in the long run.Conclusion It is therefore paramount that companies embrace consumer trends through anticipating their needs and thus coming up with innovative products that keep up with changing preferences. References: Cable World (2001). MSO defies dot-com trend-Against the Grain. Retrieved on 30/4/2008 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0DIZ/is_/ai_80191576 PRNewswire (2008). Foo d marketers challenged to meet consumer tastes in 2008. Retrieved on 30/4/2008 from http://www. reuters. com/article/pressRelease/idUS187846+29-Jan-2008+PRN20080129